2. Patek E. The epithelium of the human fallopian tube: a surface ultrastructural and cytochemical study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1974;31(Suppl): 1-28.
3. Critoph FN, Dennis KJ. Ciliary activity in the human oviduct. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1977;32:602-603.
4. Witkin SS. Immunological aspects of genital chlamydia infections. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2002;16:865-874.
5. Mardh PA. Tubal factor infertility, with special regard to chlamydial salpingitis. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2004;17:49-52.
8. Mardh PA. Influence of infection with Chlamydia trachomatis on pregnancy outcome, infant health and life-long sequelae in infected offspring. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2002;16:847-864.
10. Portou MJ, Baker D, Abraham D, Tsui J. The innate immune system, toll-like receptors and dermal wound healing: a review. Vascul Pharmacol 2015;71:31-36.
11. Gordon S. Pattern recognition receptors: doubling up for the innate immune response. Cell 2002;111:927-930.
12. De Nardo D. Toll-like receptors: activation, signalling and transcriptional modulation. Cytokine 2015;74:181-189.
17. Lee MS, Kim YJ. Signaling pathways downstream of pattern-recognition receptors and their cross talk. Annu Rev Biochem 2007;76:447-480.
18. Aflatoonian R, Fazeli A. Toll-like receptors in female reproductive tract and their menstrual cycle dependent expression. J Reprod Immunol 2008;77:7-13.
19. Kannaki TR, Shanmugam M, Verma PC. Toll-like receptors and their role in animal reproduction. Anim Reprod Sci 2011;125:1-12.
22. Zandieh Z, Amjadi F, Ashrafi M, Aflatoonian A, Fazeli A, Aflatoonian R. The effect of estradiol and progesterone on toll like receptor gene expression in a human fallopian tube epithelial cell line. Cell J 2016;17:678-691.
24. Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-delta delta C(T)) method. Methods 2001;25:402-408.
25. Aboussahoud W, Aflatoonian R, Bruce C, Elliott S, Ward J, Newton S, et al. Expression and function of Toll-like receptors in human endometrial epithelial cell lines. J Reprod Immunol 2010;84:41-51.
27. Piomboni P, Baccetti B. Spermatozoon as a vehicle for HIV-1 and other viruses: a review. Mol Reprod Dev 2000;56(2 Suppl): 238-242.
28. Kotronias D, Kapranos N. Detection of herpes simplex virus DNA in human spermatozoa by in situ hybridization technique. In Vivo 1998;12:391-394.
30. Lin Z, Xu J, Jin X, Zhang X, Ge F. Modulation of expression of Toll-like receptors in the human endometrium. Am J Reprod Immunol 2009;61:338-345.
32. Ghasemi N, Amjadi F, Salehi E, Shakeri M, Aflatoonian A, Aflatoonian R. Expression of Toll-like receptors 7–10 in human fallopian tubes. Iran J Reprod Med 2014;12:389-394.
33. Hirata T, Osuga Y, Hamasaki K, Hirota Y, Nose E, Morimoto C, et al. Expression of toll-like receptors 2, 3, 4, and 9 genes in the human endometrium during the menstrual cycle. J Reprod Immunol 2007;74:53-60.
36. Ghosh M, Schaefer TM, Fahey JV, Wright JA, Wira CR. Antiviral responses of human fallopian tube epithelial cells to toll-like receptor 3 agonist poly(I:C). Fertil Steril 2008;89(5 Suppl): 1497-1506.
37. Girling JE, Hedger MP. Toll-like receptors in the gonads and reproductive tract: emerging roles in reproductive physiology and pathology. Immunol Cell Biol 2007;85:481-489.
38. Saeidi S, Shapouri F, Amirchaghmaghi E, Hoseinifar H, Sabbaghian M, Sadighi Gilani MA, et al. Sperm protection in the male reproductive tract by Toll-like receptors. Andrologia 2014;46:784-790.
39. Amirchaghmaghi E, Taghavi SA, Shapouri F, Saeidi S, Rezaei A, Aflatoonian R. The role of Toll like receptors in pregnancy. Int J Fertil Steril 2013;7:147-154.
40. Shimada M, Yanai Y, Okazaki T, Noma N, Kawashima I, Mori T, et al. Hyaluronan fragments generated by sperm-secreted hyaluronidase stimulate cytokine/chemokine production via the TLR2 and TLR4 pathway in cumulus cells of ovulated COCs, which may enhance fertilization. Development 2008;135:2001-2011.
41. Zandieh Z, Ashrafi M, Jameie B, Amanpour S, Mosaffa N, Salman Yazdi R, et al. Evaluation of immunological interaction between spermatozoa and fallopian tube epithelial cells. Andrologia 2015;47:1120-1130.