Clin Exp Reprod Med > Volume 49(1); 2022 > Article |
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Study | Study design | No. of male cases | Age (yr) | SARS-CoV-2 diagnosisa) | Sex-related hormones analyzed | Sex-related hormone alterations | Correlation with CRP and/or biochemical risk factors | Correlation with disease severity and/or poor prognosis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ma et al. [22] | Retrospective case-control | 81 | 38 (20-54) | Yes | TT, E2, PG, PRL, LH, FSH, AMH | LH ↑, PRL ↑, T:LH ratio ↓, FSH:LH ratio ↓ | T:LH ratio negatively correlated with CRP | T:LH ratio negatively correlated with disease severity |
Schroeder et al. [23] | Retrospective single-center cohort | 35 | 62 (31-80) | Yes | TT, cFT, DHY-TT, E2, LH, FSH, PRL, TSH, T3, T4 | TT ↓, DHY-TT ↓, LH ↑, E2 ↑ | TT negatively correlated with biochemical risk factors | TT negatively correlated with disease severity |
Rastrelli et al. [24] | Retrospective single-center cohort | 31 | 21b); 63 (55-66) | Yes | TT, cFT, LH, SHBG | TT ↓, FT ↓, LH ↑ | TT negatively correlated with CRP and biochemical risk factors | TT positively correlated with poor prognosis |
6b); 72 (33-83) | Yes | |||||||
4b); 74 (59-85) | Yes |
Values are presented as median (range).
↑, increased levels; ↓, decreased levels; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; CRP, C-reactive protein; TT, total testosterone; E2, 17-β-estradiol; PG, progesterone; PRL, prolactin; LH, luteinizing hormone; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; AMH, anti-Müllerian hormone; T, testosterone; cFT, calculated free testosterone; DHY-TT, dihydrotestosterone; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; T3, free triiodothyronine; T4, free thyroxine; SHBG, sex hormone binding globulin; RICU, respiratory intensive care unit; IM, internal medicine unit.
Study | Study design | No. of total cases | Patient group | Age (yr) | Clinical stage at time of sample collection | Urogenital symptoms or urological disease | No. of cases with semen/urine/tissue samples | Positive semen samples | Positive urine samples | Positive tissue samples | Time between disease onset/diagnosis and samples collection | Correlation with NP swab at the time of collection |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Li et al. [32] | Monocentric cohort | 38 | Recovery, 23 (60.5) | NA | Recovery | 1 (4.4) | 23 | 2 (8.7) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Acute stage, 15 (39.5) | NA | Acute stage | 0 | 15 | 4 (26.7) | NA | NA | NA | NA | |||
Ning et al. [30] | Monocentric cohort | 112 | Mild disease, 40 (35.7) | 55.5 (23–83) | Recovery | 3/112 (2.7)a) | 17 | 0 | NA | NA | 27 day (12–64) | Positive NP swab, 9 (52.9) |
Severe disease, 72 (64.3) | ||||||||||||
Holtmann et al. [28] | Monocentric | 34 | Mild/moderate disease, 18 case | 42.2±9.91 | Recovery | 1/18 | 18 | 0 | NA | NA | 43.5±6.2 day | None |
Case control | Control, 14 case | NA | 14 | 0 | NA | NA | 47±5.3 day | None | ||||
Pan et al. [12] | Monocentric cohort | 34 | Mild/moderate disease | 37 (31–49) | Recovery | 6 (19) | 34 | 0 | NA | NA | 31 day (29–36) | None |
Paoli et al. [26] | Case report | 1 | Mild disease | 31 | Recovery | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | NA | 8 day | None |
Song et al. [33] | Monocentric cohort | 13 | Mild/moderate disease, 12; Severe disease, 1 | 22–38 | Recovery | 0 | 12 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | Positive NP swab, 1 |
67 | Died | NA | 1 | NA | NA | 0 | NA | NA | ||||
Rawlings et al. [27] | Monocentric cohort | 6 | NA | 28–45 | Recovery | 0 | 6 | 0 | NA | NA | 12 day (6–17) | Positive NP swab, 3 (50) |
Ma et al. [22] | Multicentric case control | 12 | Mild disease, 1/12 | 31.5 (25–46) | Recovery | 0 | 12 | 0b) | NA | NA | 75.5 day (56–109) | None |
Moderate disease, 11/12 | ||||||||||||
Kayaaslan et al. [29] | Monocentric cohort | 56 | Mild/moderate disease | 33.5 (18–54) | Acute stage | 0 | 16 | 0 | NA | NA | 1 day (0–7) | Positive NP swab, 5 |
Yang et al. [35] | Monocentric cohort | 12 | Severe disease | 65 (42–87) | Died | 0 | 10 | NA | NA | 1 | 1 hrc) | NA |
Flaifel et al. [34] | Monocentric cohort | 10 | Severe | 49.5 (22–83) | Died | 0 | 10 | NA | NA | 0d) | 15 day (7–27) | Positive, 10e) |
Values are presented as number (%), median (interquartile range), or mean±standard deviation. All patients were diagnosed with positive RT-PCR results from NP swabs and/or serum IgM/IgG.
SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; NP, nasopharyngeal; NA, not applicable; RT-PCR, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction; Ig, immunoglobulin.