1. Augood C, Duckitt K, Templeton AA. Smoking and female infertility: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod 1998;13:1532-1539.PMID:
9688387.
2. Hughes EG, Brennan BG. Does cigarette smoking impair natural or assisted fecundity? Fertil Steril 1996;66:679-689.PMID:
8893667.
3. Hughes EG, Yeo J, Claman P, YoungLai EV, Sagle MA, Daya S, et al. Cigarette smoking and the outcomes of in vitro fertilization: measurement of effect size and levels of action. Fertil Steril 1994;62:807-814.PMID:
7926092.
4. Crha I, Hruba D, Fiala J, Ventruba P, Zakova J, Petrenko M. The outcome of infertility treatment by in-vitro fertilisation in smoking and non-smoking women. Cent Eur J Public Health 2001;9:64-68.PMID:
11503276.
5. Gruber I, Just A, Birner M, Losch A. Effect of a woman's smoking status on oocyte, zygote, and day 3 pre-embryo quality in in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer program. Fertil Steril 2008;90:1249-1252.PMID:
17905237.
6. Klonoff-Cohen H, Natarajan L, Marrs R, Yee B. Effects of female and male smoking on success rates of IVF and gamete intra-Fallopian transfer. Hum Reprod 2001;16:1382-1390.PMID:
11425817.
7. Neal MS, Hughes EG, Holloway AC, Foster WG. Sidestream smoking is equally as damaging as mainstream smoking on IVF outcomes. Hum Reprod 2005;20:2531-2535.PMID:
15919779.
8. Waylen AL, Metwally M, Jones GL, Wilkinson AJ, Ledger WL. Effects of cigarette smoking upon clinical outcomes of assisted reproduction: a meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2009;15:31-44.PMID:
18927070.
9. Sterzik K, Strehler E, De Santo M, Trumpp N, Abt M, Rosenbusch B, et al. Influence of smoking on fertility in women attending an in vitro fertilization program. Fertil Steril 1996;65:810-814.PMID:
8654644.
10. Wright KP, Trimarchi JR, Allsworth J, Keefe D. The effect of female tobacco smoking on IVF outcomes. Hum Reprod 2006;21:2930-2934.PMID:
16840799.
11. Pasqualotto FF, Umezu FM, Salvador M, Borges E Jr, Sobreiro BP, Pasqualotto EB. Effect of cigarette smoking on antioxidant levels and presence of leukocytospermia in infertile men: a prospective study. Fertil Steril 2008;90:278-283.PMID:
18462724.
12. Said TM, Ranga G, Agarwal A. Relationship between semen quality and tobacco chewing in men undergoing infertility evaluation. Fertil Steril 2005;84:649-653.PMID:
16169398.
13. Sofikitis N, Miyagawa I, Dimitriadis D, Zavos P, Sikka S, Hellstrom W. Effects of smoking on testicular function, semen quality and sperm fertilizing capacity. J Urol 1995;154:1030-1034.PMID:
7637048.
14. Joesbury KA, Edirisinghe WR, Phillips MR, Yovich JL. Evidence that male smoking affects the likelihood of a pregnancy following IVF treatment: application of the modified cumulative embryo score. Hum Reprod 1998;13:1506-1513.PMID:
9688383.
15. Vine MF. Smoking and male reproduction: a review. Int J Androl 1996;19:323-337.PMID:
9051418.
16. Cinar O, Dilbaz S, Terzioglu F, Karahalil B, Yucel C, Turk R, et al. Does cigarette smoking really have detrimental effects on outcomes of IVF? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014;174:106-110.PMID:
24424210.
17. Kim SE, Shim JH, Noh H, Hwang HS, Park HK. The relationship between smoking status and suicidal behavior in Korean adults: the 4th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2009). Korean J Fam Med 2013;34:178-189.PMID:
23730485.
18. Patrick DL, Cheadle A, Thompson DC, Diehr P, Koepsell T, Kinne S. The validity of self-reported smoking: a review and meta-analysis. Am J Public Health 1994;84:1086-1093.PMID:
8017530.
19. Tunstall-Pedoe H, Woodward M, Brown CA. The drinking, passive smoking, smoking deception and serum cotinine in the Scottish Heart Health Study. J Clin Epidemiol 1991;44:1411-1414.PMID:
1753272.
20. Jones-Burton C, Vessal G, Brown J, Dowling TC, Fink JC. Urinary cotinine as an objective measure of cigarette smoking in chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007;22:1950-1954.PMID:
17369616.
21. Lee JE, Lee JR, Jee BC, Suh CS, Kim KC, Lee WD, et al. Clinical application of anti-Mullerian hormone as a predictor of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation outcome. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2012;39:176-181.PMID:
23346529.
22. Yi G, Jee BC, Suh CS, Kim SH. Stimulated intrauterine insemination in women with unilateral tubal occlusion. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2012;39:68-72.PMID:
22816072.
23. Jee BC, Suh CS, Shin MS, Lee HJ, Lee JH, Kim SH. Sperm nuclear DNA fragmentation and chromatin structure in one-day-old ejaculated sperm. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2011;38:82-86.PMID:
22384423.
24. Lee JY, Ko YJ, Park SM. Factors associated with current smoking and heavy alcohol consumption among women of reproductive age: the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2009. Public Health 2013;127:473-481.PMID:
23608023.
25. Mostafa T. Cigarette smoking and male infertility. J Adv Res 2010;1:179-186.
26. de Mouzon J, Spira A, Schwartz D. A prospective study of the relation between smoking and fertility. Int J Epidemiol 1988;17:378-384.PMID:
3403134.
27. Dikshit RK, Buch JG, Mansuri SM. Effect of tobacco consumption on semen quality of a population of hypofertile males. Fertil Steril 1987;48:334-336.PMID:
3609347.
28. Dunphy BC, Barratt CL, von Tongelen BP, Cooke ID. Male cigarette smoking and fecundity in couples attending an infertility clinic. Andrologia 1991;23:223-225.PMID:
1741486.
29. Goverde HJ, Dekker HS, Janssen HJ, Bastiaans BA, Rolland R, Zielhuis GA. Semen quality and frequency of smoking and alcohol consumption: an explorative study. Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud 1995;40:135-138.PMID:
7663540.
30. Oldereid NB, Rui H, Clausen OP, Purvis K. Cigarette smoking and human sperm quality assessed by laser-Doppler spectroscopy and DNA flow cytometry. J Reprod Fertil 1989;86:731-736.PMID:
2760898.
31. Oldereid NB, Rui H, Purvis K. Lifestyles of men in barren couples and their relationships to sperm quality. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1992;43:51-57.PMID:
1737609.
32. Osser S, Beckman-Ramirez A, Liedholm P. Semen quality of smoking and non-smoking men in infertile couples in a Swedish population. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1992;71:215-218.PMID:
1317645.
33. Cooper TG, Noonan E, von Eckardstein S, Auger J, Baker HW, Behre HM, et al. World Health Organization reference values for human semen characteristics. Hum Reprod Update 2010;16:231-245.PMID:
19934213.
34. Sharara FI, Beatse SN, Leonardi MR, Navot D, Scott RT Jr. Cigarette smoking accelerates the development of diminished ovarian reserve as evidenced by the clomiphene citrate challenge test. Fertil Steril 1994;62:257-262.PMID:
8034069.
35. Zenzes MT, Reed TE, Casper RF. Effects of cigarette smoking and age on the maturation of human oocytes. Hum Reprod 1997;12:1736-1741.PMID:
9308804.
36. Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Smoking and infertility: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril 2012;98:1400-1406.PMID:
22959451.
37. Kang HG, Kwon KH, Lee IW, Jung B, Park EC, Jang SI. Biochemically-verified smoking rate trends and factors associated with inaccurate self-reporting of smoking habits in Korean women. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013;14:6807-6812.PMID:
24377610.
38. Caraballo RS, Giovino GA, Pechacek TF, Mowery PD. Factors associated with discrepancies between self-reports on cigarette smoking and measured serum cotinine levels among persons aged 17 years or older: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Am J Epidemiol 2001;153:807-814.PMID:
11296155.
39. Perez-Stable EJ, Marin G, Marin BV, Benowitz NL. Misclassification of smoking status by self-reported cigarette consumption. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992;145:53-57.PMID:
1731599.
40. Benowitz NL, Hukkanen J, Jacob P 3rd. Nicotine chemistry, metabolism, kinetics and biomarkers. In: Henningfield JE, London ED, Pogun S, editors. Nicotine psychopharmacology. Berlin: Springer; 2009. p. 29-60.
41. Jarvis MJ, Fidler J, Mindell J, Feyerabend C, West R. Assessing smoking status in children, adolescents and adults: cotinine cutpoints revisited. Addiction 2008;103:1553-1561.PMID:
18783507.
42. Kim S, Jung A. Optimum cutoff value of urinary cotinine distinguishing South Korean adult smokers from nonsmokers using data from the KNHANES (2008-2010). Nicotine Tob Res 2013;15:1608-1616.PMID:
23509092.
43. Hald J, Overgaard J, Grau C. Evaluation of objective measures of smoking status: a prospective clinical study in a group of head and neck cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. Acta Oncol 2003;42:154-159.PMID:
12801134.